鋸片磨齒機分析在電氣部分改造方案
(1)制作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)箱:使操作(zuo)(zuo)者通過操作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)箱控制刀架轉(zhuan)臺轉(zhuan)位(wei),從而使齒盤(pan)轉(zhuan)過相應角度,并對(dui)齒盤(pan)進行加工。 ?
(2)電箱功能:按下自復位式按鈕,轉(zhuan)臺松(song)開,轉(zhuan)過(guo)固定角度后鎖緊,即完成(cheng)轉(zhuan)位。如圖5所(suo)示。
(3)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過程簡介:轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)機構(gou)主(zhu)要包含松(song)開(kai)、鎖(suo)緊(jin)電磁閥,鎖(suo)緊(jin)、松(song)開(kai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)檢測開(kai)關。在控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過程中PLC接(jie)收(shou)(shou)(shou)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)并(bing)輸出,控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺執行相應(ying)的動作。按下按鈕(niu),PLC接(jie)收(shou)(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)(wei)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)后(hou),PLC輸出松(song)開(kai)信(xin)(xin)號(hao),松(song)開(kai)電磁閥得電,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺松(song)開(kai)。PLC收(shou)(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)松(song)開(kai)反(fan)饋信(xin)(xin)號(hao)后(hou),經(jing)延時輸出正(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)信(xin)(xin)號(hao),正(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電磁閥得電,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺正(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一個工位(wei)(wei)角度(du)后(hou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)檢測開(kai)關輸出,PLC收(shou)(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)后(hou),經(jing)延時輸出鎖(suo)緊(jin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao),鎖(suo)緊(jin)電磁閥得電,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)臺鎖(suo)緊(jin),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)(wei)過程完成。
(4)砂輪(lun)修(xiu)整器部分:使用伺服(fu)驅動器的(de)位置模式實(shi)現砂輪(lun)修(xiu)整器的(de)動作(zuo),位置命令(ling)由內部寄存器提供(gong),命令(ling)值通過(guo)伺服(fu)驅動器參數設定,通過(guo)觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號觸(chu)發(fa)動作(zuo)。PLC通過(guo)DI信(xin)號選擇寄存器編號和觸(chu)發(fa)相應動作(zuo),實(shi)現砂輪(lun)修(xiu)整器的(de)往(wang)復(fu)運動。
鋸(ju)片磨齒機的工作原理:
成形法
? ? 按成(cheng)形法加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)成(cheng)形砂(sha)輪磨(mo)(mo)(mo)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機的(de)(de)砂(sha)輪由(you)成(cheng)形砂(sha)輪修整器在(zai)軸向(xiang)(xiang)剖面內(nei)修成(cheng)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形,砂(sha)輪架可(ke)作(zuo)垂直方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)給(gei)。被(bei)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪由(you)分度(du)架和尾座支承,通過工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺作(zuo)縱向(xiang)(xiang)往復運(yun)動(dong)以磨(mo)(mo)(mo)出齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面,每磨(mo)(mo)(mo)一齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)后(hou)進(jin)行分度(du)。在(zai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)斜齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de)機床(chuang)上,砂(sha)輪可(ke)按工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)螺旋角轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一角度(du),工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)能(neng)在(zai)往復運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)得到(dao)附(fu)加轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。如(ru)(ru)機床(chuang)砂(sha)輪架能(neng)使砂(sha)輪進(jin)入內(nei)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)中,便可(ke)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削內(nei)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪。成(cheng)形砂(sha)輪磨(mo)(mo)(mo)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機結構(gou)簡(jian)單,效(xiao)率高,精度(du)可(ke)達5級,適用于成(cheng)批生產,對(dui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數少(例如(ru)(ru)少于10)的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪尤為(wei)合適。
展(zhan)成法
按展成法加(jia)工的(de)磨齒機(ji)根據砂輪形狀可分為4種:
①碟(die)形(xing)砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)磨(mo)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)機(ji):兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的碟(die)形(xing)砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)的窄邊相當于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)條的兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面,工件(jian)通(tong)過滾(gun)圓盤和鋼帶作展成(cheng)運動,工作臺沿工件(jian)軸向(xiang)作往復運動以磨(mo)出(chu)整個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)寬。每磨(mo)完一(yi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)后由(you)分度頭架通(tong)過分度盤分齒(chi)(chi)(chi)。這種機(ji)床還可利用附加(jia)裝置(zhi)磨(mo)削斜齒(chi)(chi)(chi)。若用一(yi)個(ge)(ge)砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)伸(shen)入(ru)內齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)中,就可磨(mo)削內齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。這種機(ji)床一(yi)般為臥式布局,加(jia)工直徑大于(yu)1米(mi)時用立式布局,精(jing)度可達4級,適用于(yu)磨(mo)削高(gao)精(jing)度齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。
②錐面(mian)砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)磨齒(chi)機:砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)的軸向剖面(mian)修(xiu)整(zheng)成(cheng)齒(chi)條的一個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)形(xing),并沿齒(chi)向作(zuo)直線往復(fu)運動(dong)(dong)。工件通(tong)過(guo)蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)、絲杠和(he)交換(huan)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)完成(cheng)展成(cheng)和(he)分(fen)度運動(dong)(dong),但(dan)也有用滾(gun)圓盤和(he)鋼帶作(zuo)展成(cheng)運動(dong)(dong),利用蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)副(fu)或分(fen)度盤作(zuo)分(fen)度運動(dong)(dong)的。砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)架按工件螺旋角轉(zhuan)過(guo)一個(ge)(ge)角度時(shi)可磨削斜齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。這種機床調整(zheng)方便(bian),通(tong)用性好,適用于(yu)單件成(cheng)批生產,應用較廣。
③蝸桿(gan)(gan)砂(sha)輪磨(mo)(mo)齒機(ji)(ji):原理與滾(gun)齒機(ji)(ji)相似(si),砂(sha)輪為(wei)(wei)大直徑單頭蝸桿(gan)(gan)(見蝸桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong))形(xing)狀(zhuang),砂(sha)輪每轉一轉,工(gong)件轉過一齒,其傳(chuan)動(dong)比準確,有的(de)(de)用機(ji)(ji)械傳(chuan)動(dong),有的(de)(de)用同步電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)分別驅動(dong),有的(de)(de)用光(guang)柵和伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)。磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)工(gong)件沿軸向(xiang)作進給(gei)運動(dong)(見機(ji)(ji)床),以(yi)磨(mo)(mo)出整(zheng)個齒面。砂(sha)輪用金剛石車刀車削(xue)(xue)(xue)或用滾(gun)壓(ya)輪滾(gun)成蝸桿(gan)(gan)形(xing)。機(ji)(ji)床為(wei)(wei)立式布(bu)局,連(lian)續分度,磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)(xue)效率(lv)高,適用于成批生產中(zhong)加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)等模(mo)數(shu)的(de)(de)齒輪,對齒數(shu)多的(de)(de)齒輪尤為(wei)(wei)合適,精度可達4級(ji)。
④大平面砂輪磨(mo)齒(chi)(chi)機:砂輪的(de)(de)工(gong)作平面相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)齒(chi)(chi)條的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)齒(chi)(chi)面,用(yong)漸(jian)開線樣板(也(ye)有(you)用(yong)鋼帶和(he)滾圓(yuan)盤(pan)的(de)(de))產生展(zhan)成運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。砂輪和(he)工(gong)件都不作工(gong)件軸向往復運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong),磨(mo)出一(yi)側(ce)齒(chi)(chi)面后利用(yong)分度盤(pan)分齒(chi)(chi),依次磨(mo)出所有(you)齒(chi)(chi)面。然后工(gong)件調頭,再磨(mo)出另一(yi)側(ce)齒(chi)(chi)面。機床(chuang)為臥式布(bu)局,結構簡(jian)單,性能穩定(ding),精度可達3級(ji),主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)磨(mo)削插齒(chi)(chi)刀、剃齒(chi)(chi)刀和(he)計(ji)量(liang)用(yong)的(de)(de)測量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)輪等。