數控鋸片磨齒機的工作原理

磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)齒(chi)(chi)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作原理分bai成形(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和展(zhan)成法(fa)(fa)(fa)(見齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)加du工)兩類。 按展(zhan)成法(fa)(fa)(fa)加工的(de)(de)zhi磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)齒(chi)(chi)機(ji)根據(ju)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)形(xing)狀可分dao為 4種。①碟形(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)齒(chi)(chi)機(ji)：兩個旋轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)碟形(xing)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)窄邊相當于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)條的(de)(de)兩個齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)， 工件(jian)通過(guo)滾圓盤和鋼帶作展(zhan)成運動，工作臺(tai)沿工件(jian)軸(zhou)向作往(wang)復運動以磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)出整個齒(chi)(chi)寬。每磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)完(wan)一(yi)齒(chi)(chi)后由分度頭(tou)架通過(guo)分度盤分齒(chi)(chi)。這種機(ji)床還可利用附加裝置磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削斜齒(chi)(chi)。若用一(yi)個砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)伸入內齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)中，就可磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削內齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。

這(zhe)種(zhong)機床一(yi)般(ban)為臥式布(bu)(bu)局，加工直徑大于1米時用立(li)式布(bu)(bu)局，精度(du)可達4級，適(shi)用于磨削高精度(du)齒輪。

②錐面砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)磨齒(chi)(chi)機(ji)：砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)的軸向(xiang)剖面修整成(cheng)(cheng)齒(chi)(chi)條的一個齒(chi)(chi)形，并沿齒(chi)(chi)向(xiang)作直線(xian)往復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。工件通過蝸輪(lun)(lun)、絲杠和(he)交換齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)完成(cheng)(cheng)展成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)分度(du)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，但(dan)也有用滾圓盤和(he)鋼帶作展成(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，利用蝸輪(lun)(lun)副或分度(du)盤作分度(du)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的。砂(sha)輪(lun)(lun)架按工件螺旋角(jiao)轉過一個角(jiao)度(du)時可磨削斜齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)。這種機(ji)床調整方便，通用性好，適用于單件成(cheng)(cheng)批生產，應(ying)用較廣。

③蝸桿(gan)(gan)(gan)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)磨(mo)齒(chi)(chi)機：原理與(yu)滾(gun)齒(chi)(chi)機相似，砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)為(wei)(wei)大直徑單頭蝸桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(見(jian)(jian)蝸桿(gan)(gan)(gan)傳動(dong)(dong))形狀，砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)每轉(zhuan)一轉(zhuan)，工(gong)件轉(zhuan)過一齒(chi)(chi)，其(qi)傳動(dong)(dong)比(bi)準確，有(you)的用(yong)(yong)機械(xie)傳動(dong)(dong)，有(you)的用(yong)(yong)同(tong)步電動(dong)(dong)機分(fen)(fen)別驅動(dong)(dong)，有(you)的用(yong)(yong)光柵和伺服電機傳動(dong)(dong)。磨(mo)削時工(gong)件沿軸向作進給運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(見(jian)(jian)機床)，以磨(mo)出整個齒(chi)(chi)面(mian)。砂(sha)(sha)(sha)輪(lun)(lun)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)剛石車(che)(che)刀車(che)(che)削或用(yong)(yong)滾(gun)壓輪(lun)(lun)滾(gun)成(cheng)蝸桿(gan)(gan)(gan)形。機床為(wei)(wei)立(li)式布局，連續分(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)，磨(mo)削效率高，適用(yong)(yong)于成(cheng)批生產(chan)中加工(gong)中等(deng)模數的齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，對齒(chi)(chi)數多(duo)的齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)尤為(wei)(wei)合適，精(jing)度(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)4級。

④大(da)平(ping)面(mian)砂輪磨齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)機(ji)：砂輪的工(gong)作平(ping)面(mian)相當于齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)條的一個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)，用(yong)漸(jian)開線樣板(也有用(yong)鋼帶和(he)滾圓(yuan)盤的)產生展成運動。砂輪和(he)工(gong)件(jian)都(dou)不作工(gong)件(jian)軸(zhou)向往復運動，磨出一側齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)后利用(yong)分度盤分齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，依次磨出所有齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)。然(ran)后工(gong)件(jian)調(diao)頭，再磨出另一側齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)。

數控鋸片磨齒(chi)機的研磨(mo)步驟

1、裝置鋸(ju)片(pian)

測量鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)中心(xin)(xin)孔(kong)選好(hao)定心(xin)(xin)墊圈(quan)，把鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)裝到鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)座上，再(zai)以鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)座的滾(gun)紋螺帽(mao)鎖(suo)緊(jin)，然后放松鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)座鎖(suo)緊(jin)螺絲，再(zai)移動鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)座，使鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)之尺寸與(yu)鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)座對應(ying)刻(ke)度對齊，再(zai)把螺絲鎖(suo)緊(jin)。如鋸(ju)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)已斷齒或做(zuo)新齒時，須使用(yong)導(dao)磨片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。一般(ban)而言，使用(yong)導(dao)磨片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)比較容(rong)易(yi)研磨，應(ying)盡可(ke)能(neng)使用(yong)導(dao)磨片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。

2、圓鋸片(pian)旋(xuan)轉松緊調整

如果鋸(ju)片的(de)旋(xuan)轉沒有適當的(de)松(song)(song)緊(jin)(jin)，此時鋸(ju)片的(de)前進位(wei)移(yi)會(hui)不準，因(yin)此當鋸(ju)片安裝好后，以(yi)左手反時針方向旋(xuan)轉圓(yuan)鋸(ju)片，試其旋(xuan)轉之松(song)(song)緊(jin)(jin)，如果松(song)(song)緊(jin)(jin)不當，用M17開口扳手調整(zheng)防松(song)(song)螺帽，使鋸(ju)片的(de)旋(xuan)轉松(song)(song)緊(jin)(jin)適當。

松緊的原則，以能消除鋸片旋轉之慣性(xing)及砂輪之沖擊即可，不要太緊。

3、鋸(ju)片厚(hou)度調整

為(wei)使鋸齒的(de)(de)(de)研磨能上下平均(jun)，砂輪的(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)和(he)鋸片的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度中心(xin)應成一直線。

4、切(qie)削(xue)角(jiao)調整

由于鋸片所(suo)要(yao)切(qie)削(xue)的材(cai)料非(fei)常有變化(hua)，所(suo)以要(yao)依被切(qie)削(xue)材(cai)料的材(cai)質來選擇適用的切(qie)削(xue)角(jiao)。削(xue)角(jiao)度，再(zai)鎖緊(jin)夾緊(jin)座(zuo)螺絲。

5、齒型變換

一般常(chang)用有兩種齒(chi)型，一是三角齒(chi)、二是曲線齒(chi)、研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)前應決(jue)定好齒(chi)型。轉換齒(chi)型應于機器運轉時，以L型板手變換齒(chi)型變換鈕，選(xuan)擇(ze)所(suo)要研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)的(de)齒(chi)型。